Article Summary with questions to be answered over MAT2A Mutations Case Study

Article Summary with questions to be answered over MAT2A Mutations Predispose Indivuals to Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms - Case Study Example Independent measures were applied since different zebrafish were used in each condition of mat2aa MO injection. b. The control was a zebrafish with normal phenotype with no injected MO, it had minimal pericardial effusion and no tail defects. After the injection, moderately affected showed large pericardial effusion and small eyes. Severe effects showed large pericardial effusion, small eyes and severe tail curvature. d. From this data, it can be concluded that mat2aa MO injection in the zebra fish caused significant defects in embryonic development. The developmental defects in the zebrafish were rescued by the wild type MAT2A mRNA more significantly compared to the mutant MAT2A mRNAs encoding either the p.Gly344Ala variant or the p.Arg356Hs variant. 5. The overall findings of the paper indicate that MAT2A loss of function variants predispose individuals to FTAAD. In rescuing the knocked-out defects in the zebrafish, WT MAT2 was more effective compared to other mRNA variants that were previously studied. This was used to establish whether the human wildtype and p.Gly344Ala and p.Arg356His mutant MAT2A mRNA rescued embryonic defects. 6. The main limitation in this research is that the disease progression is not known. The loss of function variants in MAT2A in FTAAD are predicted to lower cellular SAM levels which could lead to aortic disease through several pathways. It is probable that reduced SAM levels could decrease methylation activity or decrease in glutathione activity that increases oxidative stress. It is possible that the pathology that leads to aortic disease due to loss of MAT IIÃŽ ± may overlap with mutations of Fibrillin-1(FBN1) a protein that is altered in individuals with Marfan syndrome. 7. Identification of the pathway by which decreased enzymatic activity of MAT IIÃŽ ± leads to thoracic aortic aneurysm. Experiments that can help determine the pathway can be done by observing MAT IIÃŽ ± in zebra fish

Comparing analytical themes Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparing analytical themes - Thesis Example The origin of Transnationalism in Africa can be traced back to the post independence period in the 1960s. Most countries in Africa got their independence from their colonial masters and this ushered in a new set of leadership throughout the continent. The political class emerged as the de facto custodians of the post colonial state and thus took most of the national resources. The civil class that comprised of educated and informed citizens was left out of the decision making process and this generated intense struggles for power and influence (Okome & Olufemi, 2012). This gave rise to transnational dynamics as some citizens struggled to cope with national and global forces. The authors argue that globalization preceded transnationalism. Globalization can be defined as the process through the world has integrated through interchange of ideas, trade and culture. Further, advances in technology have made it possible for people from diverse geographic locations to communicate with other. Imperatively, geographical boundaries no longer restrict the flow of communication and ideas among all the people in the globe. It can be argued that indeed there has been a high level of interconnectedness as has been witnessed in the recent past. Globalization was also fuelled by the inevitable interdependence of countries for trade under other aspects of cooperation. With the realization that no country can prosper alone, the concept of globalization was slowly established as countries strived to be linked. Inevitably, Africa had to play its role in the globalized world. The world economy is interconnected and all the regions have a stake in it. After colonialism, African countries had to grapple with the new realities of managing themselves. This responsibility of African states managing themselves came with the requirement that the countries had to be economically empowered. The poor infrastructure in most post colonial African countries meant that the countries